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Madian ( "Caravansary" or "Horse Pasture"〔Gladney, p. (176 ).〕) is a community in Haidian District,〔Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 117.〕 northern Beijing.〔Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 114.〕 It is adjacent to the intersection of the 3rd Ring Road and the Badaling Expressway,〔Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 115.〕 at the Haidian District-Xicheng District border.〔 Two separate street administrative offices serve portions of Madian.〔Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 116.〕 A complex overpass links the northern segment of the 3rd Ring Road with an express route coming from Deshengmen on the 2nd Ring Road through to the Badaling Expressway. Madian historically had a Hui population, and the Madian Mosque () is located in the community.〔 Madian Bridge has been expanded twice to create two direct links to the expressway. A few years ago, the route to Deshengmen was expanded and is now a city express route. ==History== Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and C. Cindy Fan, authors of "Growth and Decline of Muslim Hui Enclaves in Beijing," wrote that Madian historically was in a "relatively peripheral part of the city" and in particular "peripheral to the core areas of the city".〔 During the Yuan Dynasty Madian was within the Beijing city wall. After the wall was rebuilt during the Ming Dynasty, Madian was outside of the city wall.〔 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that according to historical records the first Hui arrived in Madian during the reign of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.〔 Turmoil in northwestern China during the Qing Dynasty caused many Hui to move eastward. A population of Hui, mostly horse and sheep traders, settled in Madian due to its access to horse and sheep trading routes. Therefore a large trading market in horses and sheep was established there. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan argued that the name ''Madian'' may have originated from the horse trading that occurred there and argued that this "may also be related to" the prevalence of the Ma family name in Madian.〔 Kangxi built the Madian Mosque in 1662. Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan had interviewed an administrator of the mosque, who stated that the mosque "probably" opened due to a pre-existing Hui population.〔 Around the 1930s, traders of pigs and pork detoured around Madian because it was homogeneously Muslim.〔 The head of a resident committee interviewed by Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan in August 2000 stated that Madian was over 90% Muslim in the 1950s.〔 In the late 1950s, the community received an influx of people displaced by the construction of the Great Hall of the People.〔 In the initial years after the founding of the People's Republic in 1949 new housing developments appeared in Madian.〔Wu, Weiping and Gaubatz. p. (254 ).〕 Due to its location accessible to other areas, Madian was selected as a place for the development of new housing. Apartments were built in the place of the slaughterhouse and sheep market after those facilities were demolished. Han people moved into the apartments, causing the percentage of Hui people to decrease.〔 Weiping Wu and Piper Gaubatz, authors of ''The Chinese City'', wrote that the result was that "lost much of its Muslim character".〔 The resident head stated that in the 1980s fewer than 30% of the people in Madian were Muslim.〔 In 1996 Dru C. Gladney, author of ''Muslim Chinese: Ethnic Nationalism in the People's Republic'', wrote that "recent studies indicate that the () community continues to maintain a strong solidarity."〔 In the decades before 2002 the expansion of highways and roads further changed the character of Madian. Many Hui left Madian when the Dechang Road was constructed in the 1980s. This road later became a part of the Badaling Expressway.〔 In the 1990s developers started renovation projects in Madian because of its location along the 3rd Ring Road. In 1993 the renovation of the Yulanyuan had been completed. The central buildings are three story residential buildings that do not reflect the Islamic culture. Prior to the renovation the area had been named ''Nancun'' or Southern Village (C: 南村, P: ''Náncūn'').〔 More Hui left the neighborhood during the construction of the 3rd Ring Road in the 1990s.〔 After the renovation of Yulanyuan, 40% of the original residents returned. In other parts of Madian, the rates of return from former residents were lower.〔Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 117-118.〕 Ultimately most of the displaced Hui Madian residents settled in more inexpensive areas further from the Beijing city core, in the northern and northwestern parts of Beijing.〔Wang, Zhou, and Fan, p. 118.〕 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that post-renovation Madian was "relatively expensive".〔 In 2000, many former residents of Madian would have been unable to move back there or have been required to buy a smaller living area if they wanted to move back as the purchase price of a new apartment was above 10,000 yuan per square meter.〔 The resident head stated that in 2000 Madian was about 25% Muslim. In 2002 Wenfei Wang, Shangyi Zhou, and Cindy Fan stated that "Madian has lost much of its character as a Hui enclave in terms of both residential and economic functions."〔 The three authors added that Gladney's conclusions about the solidarity of the community were "quickly outdated."〔 As of 2002 the development plans state that a multifunctional building named "CityChamp Palace" would be the centerpiece of Madian.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Madian, Beijing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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